By Mary Helen Sprecher
This brief guide to track maintenance is provided by Mary Helen Sprecher of the American Sports Builders Association office. Obviously, this is an important part of the track coach’s job.
You don’t have to be in Eugene at the iconic Hayward Field, nor do you have to be hosting the Olympics, to have a track & field facility that wows athletes and spectators. What you need is a facility that is well-built and, just as importantly, well-maintained.
A facility that gets regular care and maintenance should offer years of service. To maximize the useful life of a track regardless of the type of surface, the owner should develop and implement a regular schedule of maintenance. That may sound daunting but all it really involves are three things already at your disposal: Both feet, both eyes, your phone (for taking pictures only) – and your attention.
Here’s the routine you’ll want to follow, according to members of the American Sports Builders Association, who publish the book, Running Tracks: A Construction and Maintenance Manual. The good news: None of these tasks are difficult to do and, when done regularly, they can help you spot small problems before they become big ones (translation: expensive repairs).
For your reference, a sample checklist has been included with this article; you can personalize it to include any features of your track & field facility that might not be listed here.
Take a Walk
Get started by walking around your track, looking straight down and looking at every lane. What do you see? You should see an even surface with no undulations, cracks, depressions, bubbles, peeling, flaking or other irregularities. Remember that those irregularities, while you might be able to avoid them, could potentially cause an athlete to trip, slip or fall, particularly in the heat of competition, when they are looking forward (not down) as they run. Make sure lines and markings are clearly visible. If you spot problem areas, take photos of them and make notes about where they are, then keep walking.
Next, climb to the top of your bleachers and look down. Look for any undulations or changes in the track that might not have been visible previously. At the same time, take a good look at your field, with an eye to areas where the grass is skinned or, in the case of synthetic turf, where the lines are not straight, where turf seems to be bunched up, etc.
Using the suggested checklist, keep a record of cracks in asphalt and irregularities in the track surface over time. Some cracks may merely be signs of normal wear and tear, while others may signify more serious problems. Weeds growing through cracks will accelerate their expansion. Use an approved herbicide and soil sterilant to prevent regrowth. Experienced professional track surfacing contractors (we’ll discuss this in a minute) repair cracks and are experienced in determining the types of cracks and the appropriate methods of repair. Only crack repair materials specifically designed for use on track surfaces should be used. In most cases, it is more cost effective to consult with a professional when faced with the need to repair a crack; using an unsuitable product or method will only worsen the problem.
When you have a list of your areas of concern, call the company that installed your track & field facility. (It may be that two different contractors were involved – one for each field – so be sure to search records carefully. If you can’t find the name of the original builder, don’t do a random Internet search. You’ll get better results by reaching out to colleagues in the area who have had facilities built or improved. Who was their contractor? Would they recommend that company?
ASBA also offers a free “Find a member” feature on its website at www.sportsbuilders.org, allowing those interested to locate specialty contractors in the area, or with particular expertise. (There are also contractors who hold the designations of Certified Track Builder (CTB) or Certified Field Builder (CFB); this information is also available on the website.
Check Irrigation Systems
Next, turn on your irrigation system. Make sure water is spraying out of all sprinkler heads at an even rate. Also, ascertain that the sprinklers are properly directed toward the field. Water should not be spraying onto the track or onto adjacent structures, like benches, bleachers or storage sheds; that’s just wasted water that, over time, can damage your track. Again, take pictures and note any problem areas.
Shut off the water and check drainage. If there are areas on your field that seem to hold water for too long, it’s a sign of drainage problems. This is true whether your field surface is natural grass or synthetic turf. (If you see water puddling on your track and not draining, note that as well).
Keep an eye on curbs, drains and other areas as well, and clean drain inlets on a regular basis. If there is a field around the track, ascertain that grass clippings or other material (leaves, twigs, etc.) are not building up along the bottom edge of the fence and creating a dam that holds water.
A common cause of inadequate drainage on a track is that the asphalt under a porous surface is lower than the curb or other barrier on the side where the water drains and the water cannot escape. Another problem occurs when owners or the governing body rules require minimal slope (as is often the case on high jump approaches), and the slope is not adequate to move the water.
While tracks are referred to as “all-weather,” meaning they can be used in the rain, excessive water can be a problem, particularly if it gathers in low spots. Over time, an overload of water can lead to delamination or degradation of the surface. Even a professionally designed and built track may be subject to some water accumulation now and then; the key is to identify and address areas where water stands too long.
On the Surface
A key step in maintaining all types of track surfaces is regular cleaning. Remove debris immediately and spot clean spills as soon as they occur. Practice preventive maintenance by prohibiting food and beverages (except water) on the track surface, as well as chewing gum and tobacco. Some facilities prohibit smoking entirely while others have designated smoking areas that are separated from the bleachers and thus, are less likely to interfere with the facilities.
Provide lidded waste and recycle containers to encourage athletes and spectators to keep the area clean. Additionally, when it comes to those who actually use the track, require proper footwear. Remember that track shoe spikes of excessive length can damage the surface and accelerate wear. Spikes should never exceed 3/16” (5mm) in length and should be conical or pyramidal in design. Needle spikes or “Christmas tree” spikes may accelerate wear on the track and should be discouraged. Should the track be available to the community for use when the facility is not busy, make sure a list of rules is clearly posted – it should also prohibit children (who often accompany their parents who want to get some exercise) from bringing in scooters, tricycles and other toys that could damage the surface.
Remove dirt, mud or debris of any kind tracked onto the surface. Abrasive materials such as sand or dirt can be ground into the track and cause premature wear. If athletes in sports like soccer or lacrosse will be crossing the track to get to the field, put down mats to protect the track surface. (If any maintenance vehicles need to be driven in, place boards over the track, followed by mats, to create a crossing area).
Lane lines and track markings, over time, will naturally fade and wear; track contractors recommend re-marking the track every four to seven years, although that number can vary depending on the type of surface and the amount of use the track gets. Your track contractor is the best person to speak with about this, since lines and markings will need to be professionally verified in order for your track to host sanctioned meets. (Note that before any work on lines can take place, the track surface should be inspected for surface issues, such as bubbles, cracks, wear, peeling and flaking. Any necessary corrective work will need to be completed first).
The amount of maintenance required by a particular track facility will vary depending upon the weather it is subjected to, as well as the amount and type of use. Keep records of all inspections you have done, problems that have been spotted, and any work done (either by you or by a contractor).
Cleaning Equipment for Track Surfaces
A large-size push broom with soft bristles or a leaf blower may be used to remove leaves and other debris. Wet/dry vacuums, and jet spray cleaners (known as water brooms) also may be used to clean and remove stains. Check with your track installer before using a power washer on the surface. Power equipment will require a 110V outlet, and jet sprayers and pressure washers will require a hose connection with adequate pressure and volume.
If leaves, twigs, grass or other debris are allowed to stand on the surface of the track, stains may develop. To remove stains, track builders recommend starting with the gentlest treatment possible. A soft brush and clear water may do the trick; if not, try a mild detergent. (When using any detergent, it is best to put a small amount of the detergent/water mix in an inconspicuous spot outside of the competition area to make sure it will not cause discoloration or damage).
If a simple soap and water solution is unsuccessful in removing the stain, contact the track surfacing installer or surface manufacturer for a recommendation. Do not use petroleum or solvent-based cleaning solutions. Tree sap, fruit, berries, bird droppings and other organic matter also can stain the surface, particularly if not addressed right away. Prevent problems by trimming back tree limbs that overhang the area.
If mold, mildew or algae have appeared in shaded areas of the track, ask the track contractor how to remove them. Mold and mildew often grow where surfaces are contaminated by food spills, soft drinks or decaying matter. Unfortunately, they can create slippery areas that are dangerous to athletes. Keeping surfaces clean and dry will prevent these problems.
If any kind of stain has been allowed to remain on the surface for a period of time, natural bleaching of the color coating may have occurred around the stain. Unfortunately, there is no way to correct such bleaching. Do not try to touch up a stain or bleached area by dabbing on leftover surfacing material. Since all tracks fade from exposure to the sun, new material applied to touch up a surface blemish will have a different appearance from the existing track surface and may leave the track with a patchy, freckled look. Some overall fading of colored surfacing is to be expected as time goes on.
Checking the Field and All Field Events
Next, check your field events. Are water pits for steeplechase events still holding water? At the long jump/triple jump landing areas, sand should be added to bring the level of sand to the top of the border surrounding the pit. The new and existing sand should be mixed and leveled. Any sand or vegetation build-up around the perimeter should be removed. For those pits that have perimeter sand traps, the traps should be cleaned. (If jumps that use water and sand do not have covers, order those now; they will save you a headache during the busy season and can help ensure that your facilities are ready for use whenever you need them.
All fixed equipment, such as takeoff boards, vault boxes, stop boards, etc. should be checked to ensure that they are anchored securely in place. Rotted or dilapidated boards and boxes should be replaced. Check the state of landing pads for events like pole vault and high jumps. Look at your hurdles carefully as well. Any equipment that is wearing out should be repaired or replaced; after all, its condition won’t get better with time, and the earlier you can order new equipment, the more likely you are to have it when practice begins.
Landing Areas
Particular care must be taken to assure that landing areas for field events are prepared to host athletes safely each season. Low areas that may have developed in the landing sector of the shot put need to have additional product placed in order to bring them back to level. The best approach to this task is to lightly scarify the area and mix in new material, then finish by leveling and compact rolling. Make sure weeds or grass are not encroaching. Check all safety cages and barriers used in the throwing events.
Depending on the schedule of use for the track, identify a time (at least once a year) to inspect all equipment used on site. The end of the season may be a suitable time to shop for bargains and to order replacement parts so that equipment can be repaired during the off season.
On the Fence
Your fence is another aspect of your facility that benefits from regular upkeep. Fences that sag, bulge or have broken rails, or those that are rusted, bent or have torn fabric are an eyesore and make the facility look unkempt. Regularly inspect all fencing including the frame, fabric, hardware and footings. A fence that is heaving or buckling should be repaired. Fence footings should be inspected for any movement. Gates should be tested; they should move freely, and the latches should function properly. Make sure none of the gates leading to the track or field are dragging over the surface, as this will cause damage over time.
The structural integrity of bent posts may be compromised; if you see these, it is best to remove and replace them. If fence fabric is in good condition, it is possible to remove snags and tears and tighten the fabric on the frame. Fencing contractors are adept at these types of repairs and can do them quickly and efficiently; their work can dramatically improve the look of any track facility.
Don’t Overlook Landscaping
Landscaping in the area around a track and field facility should be checked regularly (at a minimum with each new season). Mulch should be added as needed. Prune back shrubs and prune any trees that might be overhanging the area (even those not affecting the track itself).
If grass around the facility (or the field inside the track area) needs reseeding or fertilizing, care should be taken to avoid doing this work too close to the track surface. Fertilizers may burn, discolor or otherwise damage track surfaces. Note that string trimmers and edgers can damage track surfaces.
If your track encircles a natural grass field, a good practice is to create a mow strip a minimum of 6” (15.24cm) wide to help keep equipment away from the track edges. Make sure all cuttings are blown away from the track surface. Also, when adding seed, sweep or blow off any seeds that might have landed on the surface of the track; like weeds, they can take root.
General Wear and Tear
Some wear is normal. Track surfaces will tend to wear in lanes 1 and 2 due to high use, as well as at the takeoff areas in the field events. If your track is open to community use, have signage encouraging users to confine their activities to the outside lanes.
Regularly trim the grass and landscaping around the track to permit proper drainage of rainwater from the track surface. Weeds left growing around the perimeter of the track will invade the surface at its edges and over time, will break down the surface. A border around the perimeter of the track should be kept free of vegetation to prevent surface damage. Household-grade herbicides and soil sterilants can be used (or you can just hand-pull weeds).
Lighting
If your track & field facility is lighted, turn on all light fixtures and check to make sure they are functioning correctly and lighting the track evenly. Check light poles too, as they can become corroded over time. Sports lighting contractors can provide consultation to determine if your system is operating correctly, and if there are ways to make it more energy-efficient.
Note, however, that even with regular maintenance, every track (no matter how meticulously cared for) will experience wear and over time will need repairs. Eventually, all tracks reach the point where more extensive work becomes necessary. Whether this involves only a replacement of the running surface or whether it will require complete reconstruction, (including replacement of the underlying pavement), may not be evident until the existing surface is removed. Your track contractor will be able to evaluate the issues present and recommend a course of action.
Preseason Maintenance-Winter
If your track is in an area that has the kind of weather that will result in closure, take some time to do preseason maintenance before locking the gates. Note any cracks and, if possible, have them repaired before winter sets in. If water settles in a crack and freezes, it will enlarge the crack. Periodically remove any debris (assuming the track is not covered with snow and ice) to minimize staining and bleaching.
Check drainage systems and clear drainage structures and pipes. If necessary, repair any damaged structures or pipes that are not functioning correctly. Inspect the entire facility for any evidence of drainage problems or erosion; repair as necessary.
Do not allow anyone to try to remove snow and/or ice from the track & field facility in order to do training, get their exercise or anything else; it inevitably causes damage to the surface.
Preseason Maintenance-Spring
Once snow has melted and the track is ready for use, do another check to make sure no weather-related damage, such as cracking, has occurred. Drainage and irrigation systems should also be checked to make sure they are working correctly.
It sounds like a lot. But over time, regular maintenance becomes routine, and turns into a part of the job that results in a facility that inspires athletes and impresses spectators.
Track & Field Facility Inspection Report
DATE PERFORMED:
Surface Condition
___Good
Problems (note locations where appropriate)
___ Bubbles
___ Peeling
___ Flaking
___ Loose material
___ High spots
___ Low spots
___ Cracking (note length and width of crack(s) as well as whether weeds are present
___ Weed/grass encroachment on surface
___ Stains
___ Mold/Mildew/Algae
___ Dirt, sand on track
___ Color looks faded (overall or in spots; note specifics):
___ Other:
Condition of Lines and Markings
___ Good
Problems (note):
Irrigation System Condition/Performance
___ Good
Problems (note locations where appropriate)
___ Sprinklers malfunctioning
___ Water flow weak
___ Water misdirecting outside of field
___ Other:
Drainage System Condition/Performance
___ Good
Problems (note locations where appropriate)
___ Drains backing up
___ Water standing on field
___ Water standing on track
___ Other:
Synthetic Field Condition/Performance
___ Good
Problems (note locations where appropriate)
___ Lines look crooked
___ Surface appears uneven
___ Infill material displaced, creating ridges
___ Stains on turf
___ Damage to turf
___ Other:
Grass Field Condition/Performance
___ Good
Problems (note locations where appropriate)
___ Rutted or muddy areas
___ Brown or dead grass
___ Standing water
___ Areas where grass has been worn away/skinned
___ Weeds
___ Signs of pests (grubs, insect nests, moles, voles, groundhogs, etc.)
___ Other:
Field Events
Note: Inspection should include run-up, take-off and landing areas
Steeplechase/Water Jump
___ Good
___ Problems:
Long Jump
___ Good
___ Problems:
High Jump:
___ Good
___ Problems:
Pole Vault:
___ Good
___ Problems:
Throws Areas (include cage in your inspection):
___ Good
___ Problems:
Fencing
___ Good
Problems (note locations):
___Sagging fence
___ Broken rails
___ Bulging fence fabric
___ Gates touching the surface of track or field
___ Rust on fence fabric or posts
___ Footings coming loose (fence post can be easily moved)
___ Other:
Landscaping
___ Good
Problems (note locations):
___ Mulch needed
___ Pruning needed
___ Pest infestation
___ Other:
Lighting
___ Good
Problems (note locations):
___ Fixtures not lighting/weak
___ Poles corroded
___ Other:
Other Areas Inspected:
For information on publications (including Running Tracks: A Construction and
Maintenance Manual), contractors, designers and suppliers, contact: American Sports Builders Association www.sportsbuilders.org
